Estonian phosphorite to remain unmined: global prices too low

A Geological Survey of Estonia study shows that Estonian phosphorite can be used to produce phosphoric acid and extract rare earth elements. However, this is not economically viable at current global market prices and with existing technology. Decision-makers are deferring the adoption of phosphorite mining to an indefinite future.

A recent study by the Estonian Geological Survey confirms that domestic phosphorite can be used both for phosphoric acid production and for extracting rare earth elements. According to scientists, the mineral resource is technically viable, but its commercial application is not currently economically sensible.

Prices do not favour mining

Current global market prices do not make Estonian phosphorite mining profitable. Production costs would exceed the price available on the market, which is why phosphorite mining remains inactive. A similar situation existed during the Soviet era, when phosphorite mining plans generated widespread public opposition.

Rare earth elements add interest

The study highlights the finding that Estonian phosphorite contains rare earth elements, which are widely used in electronics and green technology. The European Union has considered the supply security of rare earth elements strategically important, as a large portion of these resources currently come from China. However, this fact alone does not make Estonian phosphorite mining profitable.

Decision deferred to the future

Decision-makers do not consider phosphorite extraction realistic at present and are deferring related decisions to a time when global market prices could rise or technology becomes cheaper. Thus, Estonian phosphorite will remain in the ground awaiting better conditions for the foreseeable future.