Study: Calcium and vitamin D supplements do not protect older adults from bone fractures

A new comprehensive scientific review shows that calcium and vitamin D dietary supplements provide older adults with almost no protection against bone fractures and falls. For decades, these supplements have been considered essential for supporting the health of older people. Scientists' conclusions now seriously challenge this widely held belief.

A new comprehensive scientific review has overturned the long-held belief that calcium and vitamin D supplements help older people prevent bone fractures and falls. The study results show that the actual protective effect of these popular supplements among older adults is minimal.

Tens of millions of people worldwide consume calcium and vitamin D supplements specifically to strengthen bones and reduce the risk of falls in old age. Pharmaceutical and supplement manufacturers have for years emphasised the positive effects of these products, and many doctors have routinely recommended them.

The scientific review analysed a large body of previous studies and concluded that the combination of calcium and vitamin D as supplements does not significantly reduce the number of bone fractures or the frequency of falls among older adults. This means that millions of people are spending money on supplements that provide them with little real benefit.

According to health experts, this does not mean that calcium and vitamin D are unimportant for health — rather, the question is how to obtain them. Nutrients consumed through food are absorbed better by the body and are more effective than synthetic alternatives found in capsules. The recommendation is to prefer calcium- and vitamin D-rich foods, such as dairy products and fatty fish.

The study results call for a more critical assessment of supplement consumption more broadly and emphasise that before starting regular supplement use, it is advisable to consult a doctor. Healthcare specialists note that individual needs may vary, and in some cases — for example, in the case of proven deficiency — supplement consumption may still be justified.